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There are some differences in names of places: BE - «trousers», AE -«pants» in BE «pants» are «трусы» which in AE is «shorts». There are also units of vocabulary which are different while denoting the same notions, e.g. In BE we say «different to something», in AE - «different from someting». In BE we say «to chat to somebody», in AE «to chat with somebody». In BE we say «in the street», in AE - «on the street». In BE we say «a quarter to five», in AE «a quarter of five». In BE we say «at home», in AE - «home» is used. In Be we use «by day», «by night»/»at night», in AE the corresponding forms are «days» and «nights». There are some differences between British and American English in the usage of prepositions, such as prepositions with dates, days of the week BE requres «on» / I start my holiday on Friday/, in American English there is no preposition / I start my vacation Friday/. Besides these political terms many other words were coined in American English in the 19-th century: to antagonize, to demoralize, influential, department store, telegram, telephone and many others. The following lexical units appeared due to these events: the United States of America, assembly, caucus, congress, Senate, congressman, President, senator, precinct, Vice-President and many others. From the great number of German-speaking settlers the following words were borrowed into English: «delicatessen», «lager», «hamburger», «noodle», «schnitzel» and many others.ĭuring the second period of American English history there appeared quite a number of words and word-groups which were formed in the language due to the new poitical system, liberation of America from the British colonialism, its independence. Italians brought with them a style of cooking which became widely spread and such words as: «pizza», «spaghetti» came into English. When large groups of immigrants from the same country came to America some of their words were borrowed into English.
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Immigrants continued to come from Europe to America. The second period of American English history begins in the 19-th century. Such words as: «boss», «dope», «sleigh» were borrowed. Present-day New York stems from the Dutch colony New Amsterdam, and Dutch also influenced English. From Spanish such words as: »adobe» / unburnt sun-dried brick/, »bananza» /prosperity/, «cockroach» /a beetle-like insect/, «lasso» / a noosed rope for catching cattle/ were borrowed. from French the words «bureau»/a writing desk/, «cache» /a hiding place for treasure, provision/, «depot’/ a store-house/, «pumpkin»/a plant bearing large edible fruit/.
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They took some of names from languages spoken by the local population - Indians, such as :»chipmuck»/an American squirrel/, «igloo» /Escimo dome-shaped hut/, «skunk» / a black and white striped animal with a bushy tail/, «squaw» / an Indian woman/, »wigwam» /an American Indian tent made of skins and bark/ etc.īesides Englishmen, settlers from other countries came to America, and English-speaking settlers mixed with them and borrowed some words from their languages, e.g. In the earliest period the task of Englishmen was to find names for places, animals, plants, customs which they came across on the American continent. The language which they brought from England was the language spoken in England during the reign of Elizabeth the First. But most scientists, American ones including, criticized his point of view because differences between the two variants are not systematic.Īmerican English begins its history at the beginning of the 17-th century when first English-speaking settlers began to settle on the Atlantic coast of the American continent. Menken published a book called «The American Language». Menken, for example/ tried to prove that there is a separate American language. As far as the American English is concerned, some scientists /H.N. They have some peculiarities in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary, but they are easily used for communication between people living in these countries. Besides them there are : Canadian, Australian, Indian, New Zealand and other variants. British and American English are two main variants of English.